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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of on the acoustic characteristics of tumor tissue and how such acoustic changes affect the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in nude mice.@*METHODS@#Forty mice bearing human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) xenograft were randomized into experimental group (=20) and control group (=20) for intravenous injection of suspension (200 μL, 4 × 10 cfu/mL) and PBS (200 μL) for 3 consecutive days, respectively. Before and at 3 and 7 days after the first injection, shear wave elastography was used to evaluate the hardness of the tumor tissue. On day 7 after the first injection, 10 mice from each group were sacrificed and the sound velocity and sound attenuation of the tumor tissues were measured. The changes in the collagen fibers in the tumors were evaluated using Masson staining, and neovascularization in the tumor was assessed with immunohistochemistry for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31). The remaining 10 tumor-bearing mice in each group were subjected to HIFU ablation, and the ablation efficiency was evaluated by assessing the changes in irradiation gray values, coagulative necrosis volume, energy efficiency factor (EEF) and irradiation area and by pathological examination with HE staining.@*RESULTS@#In the experimental group, the collagen fibers in the tumor tissues were strong and densely aligned, and the tumors contained fewer new blood vessels showing strip-or spot-like morphologies. In the control group, the collagen fibers in the tumors were thin and loosely arranged, and the tumors showed abundant elongated or round new blood vessels. colonized in the tumor 7 days after the injection, and the tumor hardness was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (=0.01); the acoustic velocity (=0.001) and the acoustic attenuation (=0.000) of the tumor tissues were also greater in the experimental group. HIFU irradiation resulted in significantly greater changes in the gray scale of tumor (=0.0006) and larger coagulative necrosis volume (=0.0045) in the experimental group than in the control group, and the EEF was significantly smaller in the experimental group (=0.0134).@*CONCLUSIONS@# can cause changes in collagen fiber content, acoustic velocity and attenuation in the tumor tissue and reduce the EEF of HIFU irradiation, thereby improving the efficacy of HIFU irradiation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Acoustics , Bifidobacterium , Virulence , Breast Neoplasms , Pathology , Collagen , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Objective By analyzing the graph features of fundamental frequency at different rates of/i/with continuously variable pitch and loundness made by normal adults,we could explore that the rate and gender have some impact on the graph to lay the foundation of regulating the clinical maximum counting ability.Methods Nor-mal adults of 51 (25 males,26 females were included).After each deep breathing,the subjects respectively took sustained speech/i/ with continuously variable pitch and lounolness twice at different rates of fast,medium and slow speed.Some parameters were measured byDoctor Speechat different rates of the tone/i/:Total time(T), Mean time standard deviation (MTSD),Mean wave crest (MWC),Mean wave trough (MWT),Mean frequency range (MFR),Mean frequency range standard deviation (MFRSD),comparing the speed having some effect on those above parameters with gender.ResuIts ①With the increasing rate of speech,the tone/i/of T (P0.05 ).②The tone /i/ of T (P>0.05 )were not effected by gender,female's MWT (P<0.001),MWC (P<0.001),MFR (P<0.001),MFRSD (P<0.01)were obviously higher than male's,while female's MTSD were significantly larger than male's (P<0.01).ConcIusion We should consider the impact of rate of speech and gender in clinical tests and values of MCA.The maximum counting capacity can be respectively tested at three different rates of speech for each subject,but only are the tone/i/of fun-damental frequency graphs with MWT,MWC,MFR,and MFRSD in normal range with corresponding speed and gender,can we get the value or can the value be valid.
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Objective To investigate the acoustic characteristics of snoring sound in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and with simple snoring. Methods 22 patients with OSAHS and 15 with simple snoring were included in this study. Natural overnight snoring was digitally recorded and portable sleep mo-nitoring was performed simultaneously. 10 snores, which were the 1st snores after 10 cycles of obstructive apnea, from each patient in OSAHS group, and 10 snores from each patient in simple snoring group were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Results The sound waves of snoring in the two groups exhibited different patterns both in the time and frequency domains. The snoring spectrum of patients with simple snoring showed distinct fun-damental- harmonic structures which were not clear in patients with OSAHS. The central frequency of the patients with OSAHS was higher, and 800 Hz power ratio was lower than those of the patients with simple snoring. In the OSAHS group, the central frequency of the patients with moderate-to-severe OSAHS was higher, and 800 Hz power ratio was lower than those of the patients with mild OSAHS. The differences of the two parameters were of statistical significance. Conclusion The snoring sounds in patients with OSAHS and with simple snoring have dif-ferent characteristics in time and frequency domains, indicating that it is feasible to research the OSAHS by way of snore monitoring and analyzing technique.
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Objective:To analyzise the upper removable partial denture for Kennedy Ⅰdentition defect how to affects the consonants acoustic characteristics. Methods: Before and after restoration use the computer speech lab(CSL) to analyze 12 patients' acoustic characteristics. Then at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, to compare each patient different time's area of energy concentration, the first area of energy concentration band width of consonants /s/,/sh/,/j/; the locus of /t/. Results:There was significant difference between the area of energy concentration and the first area of energy concentration band width in /s/ of the groups before restoration and at the beginning and after one week(P0.05) in other consonants groups.Conclusion: The main area which affects the acoustic characteristics is the anterior part of the anterior palate plate of the removable partial denture. From the acoustics point of view, to lay the major connector on the upper gingival, the median line area are not suitable, while the posterior part of the hard palate fitting to lay it.
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Objective:To evaluate speech outcomes following prosthetic obturation of maxillary defects.Methods:The speech intelligibility(SI)of 21 patients with maxillary defects with and without prostheses was measured postoperatively.In addition,the acoustic characteristics of vowels of 21 individuals were analyzed with and without an obturator in place by sound spectrograph.Results:Following the placement of maxillary obturator prostheses,there was significant improvement in SI.The mean SI score of the patients without and with the prosthesis was(23.2?7.4)% and(81.8?9.4)% respectively(P